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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How is a routine urine specimen usually collected from a resident who uses the toilet?
AScooped from the toilet bowl with a clean cup after the resident flushes
BBy having the resident void into the sink, then pouring it into a cup
CUrine is taken from the incontinence brief
DInto a collection "hat" under the toilet seat, then poured into a labeled cup
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While a resident is being turned, his indwelling urinary catheter accidentally comes out. What should the nursing assistant do?
AMake him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
BPut the catheter back in carefully
CTape the catheter to his leg so it looks in place
DLeave it out and mention it at the end of the shift
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 5 ft 4 in tall. Using 1 ft = 12 in and 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in centimetres, to the nearest whole centimetre.
5 ft 4 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tsp of an oral suspension every 12 hours for 5 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
½ tspevery 12 hours5 days150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Into a collection "hat" under the toilet seat, then poured into a labeled cup
Why this is the answer
A specimen pan ("hat") placed under the toilet seat catches the urine. The nursing assistant, wearing gloves, pours it into a labeled container. Toilet paper is kept out of the hat.
Answer
D · Into a collection "hat" under the toilet seat, then poured into a labeled cup
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A catheter that comes out can injure the urethra, and the resident may need a new one. The nursing assistant reports it immediately and keeps the resident clean and comfortable. Only licensed staff insert catheters.
Answer
A · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 163 cm
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Height in inches
5·12 + 4 = 64 in
Inches to centimetres
h = 64·2.54 = 162.6 ≈ 163 cm
Answer
h = 163 cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 1
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
2.5 mL × 2 × 5 = 25 mL
Bottles
25/150 = 0.1667 → N = 1
Answer
N = 1
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