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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with an IV line needs a clean gown. How is the old gown removed?
AFrom the arm with the IV first, after clamping the tubing
BAfter disconnecting the IV tubing from the bag
CBy cutting the sleeve off the IV arm
DFrom the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with an ileostomy has red, sore skin around the stoma. Why is the skin around an ileostomy at special risk?
AThe resident's skin is allergic to the stoma itself
BIts liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
CThe output is hard and dry and scrapes the skin as it passes
DThe pouch is changed too often and pulls off the skin
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 1:35 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
1:35 AM
100:35
201:35
302:35
413:35
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1½ tsp of an oral suspension twice a day for 7 days. The suspension comes in 50 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1½ tsptwice a day7 days50 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
Why this is the answer
The gown comes off the free arm first, then the sleeve is slid over the IV arm and the bag is passed through it, keeping the bag above the IV site. The new gown goes on the IV arm first. Report any problem with the IV to the nurse.
Answer
D · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Its liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
Why this is the answer
Stool from the small intestine is liquid and contains digestive enzymes, which can quickly damage the skin. A well-fitting pouch, prompt emptying and reporting skin changes protect the skin.
Answer
B · Its liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 01:35
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
1 AM → 01
Answer
01:35
Answer
01:35
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 3
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
7.5 mL × 2 × 7 = 105 mL
Bottles
105/50 = 2.1 → N = 3
Answer
N = 3
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