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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When is an incident report usually completed?
AOnly when a resident asks for one
BOnly when a resident dies
CWhen something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
DAt the end of every shift, even if nothing unusual happened
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant wakes up with a fever and a cough before a shift. What is the best action?
AGo to work and tell no one
BTake a fever reducer at home so the fever does not show, and work
CCall the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
DGo to work and wear gloves and a mask all day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 101.6 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
101.6 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A serum creatinine result is 3.5 mg/dL. Using 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L for creatinine, find c in µmol/L to the nearest whole number.
3.5 mg/dL1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L
c = µmol/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · When something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
Why this is the answer
An incident report is completed for unusual events involving residents, visitors or staff, such as falls, injuries, errors or lost items. It helps the facility find causes and prevent repeats.
Answer
C · When something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
Why this is the answer
Staff who are ill can spread infection to residents, who are often frail. The nursing assistant follows the facility's illness policy and tells the supervisor before the shift so care can be covered.
Answer
C · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 38.7 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
101.6 − 32 = 69.6
Multiply by 5/9
T = 69.6·5/9 = 38.67 ≈ 38.7 °C
Answer
T = 38.7 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: c = 309 µmol/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
c = 3.5·88.4 = 309.4 ≈ 309 µmol/L
Answer
c = 309 µmol/L
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