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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why are thickened liquids ordered for some residents?
ATo add calories for residents who are slowly losing weight
BTo make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
CTo reduce the amount of urine the resident produces
DTo help residents take their tablets without water
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
After a stroke, a resident's left hand is starting to curl into a fist. What is the care plan most likely to include to prevent a contracture?
ARange-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
BTying the hand to the bed rail with the fingers open
CKeeping the hand in a tight fist to rest the muscles
DLeaving the hand alone, because nothing can be done after a stroke
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 35.1 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
35.1 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 13.8 g/dL. Express it in g/L Hb.
13.8 g/dL1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · To make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
Why this is the answer
Thickened liquids move more slowly in the mouth and throat, which reduces the risk of choking and aspiration in residents with dysphagia. The ordered thickness must be followed exactly.
Answer
B · To make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Range-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
Why this is the answer
Regular range-of-motion exercises and positioning devices such as splints or hand rolls, applied as ordered, keep the fingers and wrist from becoming fixed in a curled position.
Answer
A · Range-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 95.2 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
35.1·9/5 = 63.18
Add 32
T = 63.18 + 32 = 95.18 ≈ 95.2 °F
Answer
T = 95.2 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 138 g/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 13.8 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 138 g/L
Answer
Hb = 138 g/L
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