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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When entering the room of a resident who is blind, what should the nursing assistant do?
ATouch the resident's shoulder silently so as not to startle them
BTurn off the lights because the resident does not need them
CRearrange the furniture to make more space
DKnock, say the resident's name and identify themselves
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While walking, a resident with Parkinson's disease suddenly "freezes" and cannot move his feet. What may help?
AStay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
BLet go of the gait belt so he can find his balance
CTell him to hurry before he falls
DPull him forward firmly by the arm to restart walking
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 96.9 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
96.9 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:00 and finishes at 07:00 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
18:0007:00
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Knock, say the resident's name and identify themselves
Why this is the answer
Saying who you are when you enter, and telling the resident when you leave, prevents fear and confusion. Furniture and belongings are kept in the same places so the resident can find them.
Answer
D · Knock, say the resident's name and identify themselves
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
Why this is the answer
Freezing is common in Parkinson's disease. Calm reassurance and cues such as counting, marching in place or stepping over a target can help restart movement. Pulling or rushing can cause a fall.
Answer
A · Stay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 36.1 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
96.9 − 32 = 64.9
Multiply by 5/9
T = 64.9·5/9 = 36.06 ≈ 36.1 °C
Answer
T = 36.1 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 13 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
18:00 → 24:00 = 360 min
After midnight
00:00 → 07:00 = 420 min
Total
360 + 420 = 780 min
t = 780/60 = 13 h
Answer
t = 13 h
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