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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Before turning a resident onto the side, why is the resident first moved toward the nursing assistant's side of the bed?
ASo that the nursing assistant does not need to use a lift sheet to turn
BSo that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
CSo that the resident can reach the call light more easily
DSo that the resident can see out of the window
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant is asked to use a new type of mechanical lift that they have never been trained on. What should they do?
ATry it carefully, because the resident needs to get up
BRefuse and leave the resident in bed without saying why
CTell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
DAsk the resident to explain how the lift works
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A weight conversion gives 49.4744 kg. The rule in this exercise is that weights are rounded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. What value x do you record?
49.4744 kg
x = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 3 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
3 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
Why this is the answer
Moving the resident toward you first means that when they turn away from you onto their side, they end up in the center of the bed, not at the edge where they could fall.
Answer
B · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Tell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
Why this is the answer
Using equipment without training can injure the resident and staff. The nursing assistant explains this honestly and asks for training or supervision. Simply refusing without explanation leaves the resident without care.
Answer
C · Tell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 49.5 kg
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
49.4744 → 4
Only the next digit decides
49.4744 → 7
7 is 5 or more, so round 4 up.
The digits after it (44) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 49.5 kg
Answer
x = 49.5 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 0.18 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 3 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 3·60/1000 = 0.18 mg/h
Answer
D = 0.18 mg/h
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