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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which is a good time-management habit for a nursing assistant?
APlanning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
BDoing the easiest tasks first, whatever their importance
CWaiting for the nurse to tell them each task one at a time during the shift
DLeaving all documentation until the end of the week
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with dementia keeps going through her roommate's drawers and taking items. What is the best approach?
ATell her each time that stealing is wrong
BMove all of the roommate's belongings out of the room without asking
CGently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
DLock the resident in her room when the roommate is out
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 4 lb 13 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
4 lb 13 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:25 and finishes at 06:10 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
17:2506:10
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Planning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
Why this is the answer
Reviewing the assignment and planning tasks by priority, while staying flexible for emergencies, helps nursing assistants give safe care on time. Documentation is done promptly after care.
Answer
A · Planning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Gently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
Why this is the answer
Rummaging is a dementia behavior, not stealing. Redirecting the resident to her own "rummage box" keeps her busy and protects the roommate's property. Report it so the care plan can address it; locking her in would be involuntary seclusion.
Answer
C · Gently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 2.19 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
13 oz/16 = 0.8125 lb
4 + 0.8125 = 4.813 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 4.813/2.2 = 2.188 ≈ 2.19 kg
Answer
m = 2.19 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 765 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:25 → 24:00 = 395 min
After midnight
00:00 → 06:10 = 370 min
Total
t = 395 + 370 = 765 min
Answer
t = 765 min
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