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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A nursing assistant suspects that a resident is being abused. When should this be reported?
AAfter first asking the family if they know about it
BOnly after collecting proof that the abuse happened
CAt the end of the week, when the care plans are reviewed
DImmediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant wakes up with a fever and a cough before a shift. What is the best action?
ATake a fever reducer at home so the fever does not show, and work
BCall the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
CGo to work and tell no one
DGo to work and wear gloves and a mask all day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 103 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
103 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 6 fl oz of juice, 2 cups of tea, 3 tsp of cough syrup. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 fl oz = 30 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants must report suspected abuse or neglect at once; they do not need proof and do not investigate themselves. Delaying puts the resident at risk, and failing to report can itself be a violation.
Answer
D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
Why this is the answer
Staff who are ill can spread infection to residents, who are often frail. The nursing assistant follows the facility's illness policy and tells the supervisor before the shift so care can be covered.
Answer
B · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 39.4 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
103 − 32 = 71
Multiply by 5/9
T = 71·5/9 = 39.44 ≈ 39.4 °C
Answer
T = 39.4 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 675 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
6 fl oz = 6·30 = 180 mL
2 cups = 2·240 = 480 mL
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
Add
V = 180 + 480 + 15 = 675 mL
Answer
V = 675 mL
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