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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which signs are typical of Parkinson's disease?
AA fast heartbeat, sweating and shakiness from low blood sugar
BSudden weakness on one side and slurred speech
CTremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
DHigh fever, stiff neck and a rash
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant is assigned to a resident on airborne precautions but has never been fit-tested for an N95 respirator. What should the nursing assistant do?
AWear a surgical mask instead and keep the visit short
BWear two surgical masks, one over the other, for extra protection
CTell the nurse before entering the room
DEnter without a mask if the care takes less than 5 minutes
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 160 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
160 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 19:00 and finishes at 02:55 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
19:0002:55
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Tremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
Why this is the answer
Parkinson's disease causes tremor (often at rest), rigidity, slow movement and a shuffling gait with poor balance. Residents are at high risk of falls and may have swallowing problems.
Answer
C · Tremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Tell the nurse before entering the room
Why this is the answer
An N95 respirator protects only when it fits and seals, so workers must be fit-tested before using one. Surgical masks, even doubled, do not filter airborne particles well enough. The nursing assistant tells the nurse before entering the room.
Answer
C · Tell the nurse before entering the room
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 63 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 160/2.54 = 62.99 ≈ 63 in
Answer
h = 63 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 475 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
19:00 → 24:00 = 300 min
After midnight
00:00 → 02:55 = 175 min
Total
t = 300 + 175 = 475 min
Answer
t = 475 min
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