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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which care measure is common for a resident with heart failure?
AKeeping the resident lying flat at all times
BRaising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
CEncouraging the resident to drink as much as possible
DAdding extra salt to the resident's meals
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident whose wife died recently stays in his room, eats little and says he does not want to see anyone. What should the nursing assistant do?
AInsist that he attend every activity today
BTell him he must cheer up because life goes on
CLeave him alone, because he has said that he wants to be alone
DSpend time with him, listen and report the changes
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 95.5 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
95.5 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 21:35 and finishes at 07:25 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
21:3507:25
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
Why this is the answer
Residents with heart failure often breathe more easily with the head raised. Care may also include a low-sodium diet, fluid limits, daily weights and watching for swelling, as the care plan directs.
Answer
B · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Spend time with him, listen and report the changes
Why this is the answer
Withdrawal and poor appetite after a loss may be grief or depression. Listening and showing interest supports him, and reporting the changes lets the team assess him. Forcing or dismissing his feelings does not help.
Answer
D · Spend time with him, listen and report the changes
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 35.3 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
95.5 − 32 = 63.5
Multiply by 5/9
T = 63.5·5/9 = 35.28 ≈ 35.3 °C
Answer
T = 35.3 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 9.83 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
21:35 → 24:00 = 145 min
After midnight
00:00 → 07:25 = 445 min
Total
145 + 445 = 590 min
t = 590/60 = 9.833 ≈ 9.83 h
Answer
t = 9.83 h
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