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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with an IV line needs a clean gown. How is the old gown removed?
AAfter disconnecting the IV tubing from the bag
BBy cutting the sleeve off the IV arm
CFrom the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
DFrom the arm with the IV first, after clamping the tubing
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Which resident is at the greatest risk of developing a pressure injury?
AA resident with good nutrition who changes position often
BA resident who walks daily and eats all meals
CA thin resident who is incontinent, cannot move in bed and eats poorly
DA resident who sits in a chair for about an hour and then walks to lunch
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 100.6 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
100.6 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tsp of an oral suspension four times a day for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
½ tspfour times a day10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
Why this is the answer
The gown comes off the free arm first, then the sleeve is slid over the IV arm and the bag is passed through it, keeping the bag above the IV site. The new gown goes on the IV arm first. Report any problem with the IV to the nurse.
Answer
C · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · A thin resident who is incontinent, cannot move in bed and eats poorly
Why this is the answer
Pressure injury risk rises with immobility, moisture from incontinence, poor nutrition, low body weight over bony areas, and friction or shearing. A resident who has all of these is at highest risk.
Answer
C · A thin resident who is incontinent, cannot move in bed and eats poorly
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 38.1 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
100.6 − 32 = 68.6
Multiply by 5/9
T = 68.6·5/9 = 38.11 ≈ 38.1 °C
Answer
T = 38.1 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 100 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
½ tsp = 0.5·5 = 2.5 mL
Whole course
V = 2.5 mL × 4/day × 10 = 100 mL
Answer
V = 100 mL
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