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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
What usually happens if a blood pressure cuff is too small for a resident's arm?
AThe reading is not affected
BThe reading is falsely low
CThe pulse cannot be felt at the wrist
DThe reading is falsely high
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident spills hot coffee on her thigh. The skin is red and painful. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARub butter on the area to soothe the burned skin
BCover it with a blanket and say nothing
CPut an ice pack directly on the skin for an hour
DCool it with cool water and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 6:10 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
6:10 PM
106:10
219:10
317:10
418:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 5 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
5 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · The reading is falsely high
Why this is the answer
A cuff that is too small gives a falsely high reading, and one that is too large can give a falsely low reading. The correct cuff size is chosen for each resident.
Answer
D · The reading is falsely high
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Cool it with cool water and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A burn is cooled promptly with cool water, and any clothing that is soaked with the hot drink but not stuck to the skin is removed. The nurse assesses the burn. Butter and ice can worsen the injury.
Answer
D · Cool it with cool water and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 18:10
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
6 PM → 6 + 12 = 18
Answer
18:10
Answer
18:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 83.3 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 5 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 5000/60 = 83.33 ≈ 83.3 mcg/min
Answer
D = 83.3 mcg/min
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