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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A nursing assistant suspects that a resident is being abused. When should this be reported?
AImmediately, to the nurse or supervisor
BAt the end of the week, when the care plans are reviewed
CAfter first asking the family if they know about it
DOnly after collecting proof that the abuse happened
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with a urinary catheter wants to walk to the dayroom. How should the drainage bag be handled?
AHeld above the resident's waist so it is easy to see
BDisconnected and left in the room during the walk
CPlaced in the resident's bathrobe pocket during the walk
DKept below the bladder, without dragging the tubing
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 7 lb 3 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
7 lb 3 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 6 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
6 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants must report suspected abuse or neglect at once; they do not need proof and do not investigate themselves. Delaying puts the resident at risk, and failing to report can itself be a violation.
Answer
A · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Kept below the bladder, without dragging the tubing
Why this is the answer
When the resident walks, the bag is carried or attached below bladder level, the tubing is kept free of kinks and off the floor, and the closed system stays connected. Raising the bag lets urine flow back and increases infection risk.
Answer
D · Kept below the bladder, without dragging the tubing
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 3.27 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
3 oz/16 = 0.1875 lb
7 + 0.1875 = 7.188 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 7.188/2.2 = 3.267 ≈ 3.27 kg
Answer
m = 3.27 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 100 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 6 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 6000/60 = 100 mcg/min
Answer
D = 100 mcg/min
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