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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How many staff are usually needed to use a mechanical (full-body) lift?
AThree or four, one for each corner of the sling
BAt least two, according to facility policy
COnly one, as long as the resident is light
DOne, because the machine does the lifting
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
During a shift a resident voids 350 mL and then 200 mL, and vomits 150 mL. What total output is recorded?
A700 mL
B850 mL
C500 mL
D550 mL
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 4 lb 12 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
4 lb 12 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:55 and finishes at 06:20 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
17:5506:20
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · At least two, according to facility policy
Why this is the answer
Most facilities require at least two trained staff to use a mechanical lift: one to operate it and one to guide the resident and keep them safe. The nursing assistant follows facility policy and the care plan.
Answer
B · At least two, according to facility policy
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · 700 mL
Why this is the answer
Output includes urine, vomit (emesis), liquid stool and drainage. Here 350 + 200 + 150 = 700 mL. The vomiting is also reported to the nurse.
Answer
A · 700 mL
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 2.16 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
12 oz/16 = 0.75 lb
4 + 0.75 = 4.75 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 4.75/2.2 = 2.159 ≈ 2.16 kg
Answer
m = 2.16 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 745 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:55 → 24:00 = 365 min
After midnight
00:00 → 06:20 = 380 min
Total
t = 365 + 380 = 745 min
Answer
t = 745 min
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