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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident wears a nasal cannula. Where should the nursing assistant check for skin irritation?
AOn the soles of the feet and the heels
BUnder the arms and around the neck
COn the back of the hands
DBehind the ears and around the nostrils
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Before lunch, a resident who has diabetes is pale, sweaty, shaky and confused. What should the nursing assistant do?
AStay with the resident and get the nurse at once
BLeave the resident alone in the room while finding a snack
CLet the resident sleep until lunch arrives
DTake the resident's temperature and record it at the end of the shift
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 9:50 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
9:50 PM
121:50
222:50
320:50
409:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 23:05 and finishes at 00:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
23:0500:15
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Behind the ears and around the nostrils
Why this is the answer
Cannula tubing presses on the skin behind the ears, on the cheeks and in and around the nostrils. These areas can become sore and are checked often, with any irritation reported.
Answer
D · Behind the ears and around the nostrils
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
Why this is the answer
Shakiness, sweating, pallor and confusion suggest hypoglycemia, which can quickly become an emergency. The nursing assistant stays with the resident, calls the nurse immediately and follows the nurse's instructions, for example about giving a sugary drink.
Answer
A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 21:50
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
9 PM → 9 + 12 = 21
Answer
21:50
Answer
21:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 70 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
23:05 → 24:00 = 55 min
After midnight
00:00 → 00:15 = 15 min
Total
t = 55 + 15 = 70 min
Answer
t = 70 min
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