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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which care measure is common for a resident with heart failure?
ARaising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
BAdding extra salt to the resident's meals
CEncouraging the resident to drink as much as possible
DKeeping the resident lying flat at all times
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While cleaning, a chemical splashes into the nursing assistant's eye. What should be done first?
ACover the eye with a bandage and continue working until the break
BFinish the cleaning, then rinse the eye
CFlush the eye with plenty of running water, then report it
DRub the eye to remove the chemical
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 96.4 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
96.4 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 50 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
50 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
Why this is the answer
Residents with heart failure often breathe more easily with the head raised. Care may also include a low-sodium diet, fluid limits, daily weights and watching for swelling, as the care plan directs.
Answer
A · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Flush the eye with plenty of running water, then report it
Why this is the answer
The eye is flushed right away with plenty of water, using the eyewash station if there is one, for as long as the SDS recommends. The injury is then reported and follow-up care obtained.
Answer
C · Flush the eye with plenty of running water, then report it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 35.8 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
96.4 − 32 = 64.4
Multiply by 5/9
T = 64.4·5/9 = 35.78 ≈ 35.8 °C
Answer
T = 35.8 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 1.2 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
50 mL/h × 24 h = 1200 mL
In litres
V = 1200/1000 = 1.2 L
Answer
V = 1.2 L
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