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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with an IV line needs a clean gown. How is the old gown removed?
ABy cutting the sleeve off the IV arm
BFrom the arm with the IV first, after clamping the tubing
CFrom the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
DAfter disconnecting the IV tubing from the bag
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
The care plan says a heavy resident needs two staff to reposition him. The other nursing assistant is busy. What should the nursing assistant do?
AReposition the resident alone, because it is time
BWait for, or ask for, a second staff member
CSkip the repositioning for this shift
DAsk the resident's visitor to help lift him
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 22:05 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
22:05
110:05 AM
212:05 PM
39:05 PM
410:05 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes ¼ cup of tea, 3 tbsp of liquid supplement, 2 fl oz of juice. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
Why this is the answer
The gown comes off the free arm first, then the sleeve is slid over the IV arm and the bag is passed through it, keeping the bag above the IV site. The new gown goes on the IV arm first. Report any problem with the IV to the nurse.
Answer
C · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Wait for, or ask for, a second staff member
Why this is the answer
Working alone against the care plan risks injury to the resident and the nursing assistant. The safe choice is to get trained help, or tell the nurse if no one is free, so the repositioning is done safely and on time.
Answer
B · Wait for, or ask for, a second staff member
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 10:05 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
22 − 12 = 10 → PM
Answer
10:05 PM
Answer
10:05 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 165 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
¼ cup = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
2 fl oz = 2·30 = 60 mL
Add
V = 60 + 45 + 60 = 165 mL
Answer
V = 165 mL
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