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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with a swallowing problem has just finished eating. How should the resident be positioned?
AKept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
BLaid flat right away so the food settles
CReclined with the feet raised above the head
DTurned onto the stomach to rest
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has slurred speech and weakness in one arm that go away after about 10 minutes. What should the nursing assistant do?
AReport it right away, as it may be a warning sign of stroke
BTell the resident to rest and mention it next week
CDo nothing more, because the signs have already gone away
DGive the resident a large drink of water
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 07:40 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
07:40
17:40 AM
27:40 PM
39:40 AM
46:40 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An order reads 1 mcg/kg/min for a patient who weighs 70 kg. Express the dose rate D in mg/h. Round to two decimal places.
1 mcg/kg/min70 kg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Kept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
Why this is the answer
Staying upright for at least 30 minutes after eating (or as long as the care plan says) helps prevent aspiration and reflux.
Answer
A · Kept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Report it right away, as it may be a warning sign of stroke
Why this is the answer
Short episodes of stroke signs that go away can be a transient ischemic attack (TIA), a warning that a stroke may follow. They are reported immediately, with the time they started and stopped.
Answer
A · Report it right away, as it may be a warning sign of stroke
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 7:40 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
07 → 7 AM
Answer
7:40 AM
Answer
7:40 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 4.2 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 1 mcg/kg/min × 70 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 1·70·60/1000 = 4.2 mg/h
Answer
D = 4.2 mg/h
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