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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
What usually happens if a blood pressure cuff is too small for a resident's arm?
AThe reading is falsely high
BThe reading is not affected
CThe reading is falsely low
DThe pulse cannot be felt at the wrist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident wants to keep a small amount of money in her room. What should the nursing assistant do?
APut the money in her drawer and tell her family
BTell her that residents may not have any money
CTake the money to the nurses' station without asking her, to keep it safe
DRespect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 39.3 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
39.3 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 8 fl oz of juice, 1 cup of tea, ½ tbsp of liquid supplement. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 fl oz = 30 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · The reading is falsely high
Why this is the answer
A cuff that is too small gives a falsely high reading, and one that is too large can give a falsely low reading. The correct cuff size is chosen for each resident.
Answer
A · The reading is falsely high
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
Why this is the answer
Residents may manage their own personal funds. The nursing assistant respects this and informs the nurse so that the money can be listed and stored safely, for example in a locked drawer.
Answer
D · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 102.7 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
39.3·9/5 = 70.74
Add 32
T = 70.74 + 32 = 102.7 °F
Answer
T = 102.7 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 487.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
8 fl oz = 8·30 = 240 mL
1 cup = 1·240 = 240 mL
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
Add
V = 240 + 240 + 7.5 = 487.5 mL
Answer
V = 487.5 mL
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