In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.
1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
During postmortem care, how is the body usually positioned?
ASitting upright in a chair
BOn the left side, with the knees bent
COn the back, with a pillow under the head and shoulders
DOn the stomach, with the face turned down toward the mattress
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who is usually alert and oriented is suddenly confused today. Her urine is dark and has a strong smell. What should the nursing assistant report?
ANothing, because these changes are part of normal aging
BOnly the confusion, and only at the end of the shift
CThe new confusion and the change in the urine, right away
DOnly the change in the urine, because confusion is normal in older people
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose calculation for an injection gives 9.4788 mL. The rule in this exercise is that volumes of 1 mL or more are rounded to the nearest tenth of a mL. What value x do you record?
9.4788 mL
x = mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tbsp of an oral suspension every 12 hours for 7 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
½ tbspevery 12 hours7 days150 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · On the back, with a pillow under the head and shoulders
Why this is the answer
The body is placed on the back with the head and shoulders raised on a pillow so blood does not pool in the face and discolor it. The eyes are gently closed and the body is handled with respect.
Answer
C · On the back, with a pillow under the head and shoulders
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · The new confusion and the change in the urine, right away
Why this is the answer
Sudden confusion is never just "normal aging". Combined with dark, strong-smelling urine it may point to dehydration or a urinary tract infection. Both observations are reported to the nurse at once.
Answer
C · The new confusion and the change in the urine, right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 9.5 mL
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
9.4788 → 4
Only the next digit decides
9.4788 → 7
7 is 5 or more, so round 4 up.
The digits after it (88) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 9.5 mL
Answer
x = 9.5 mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 1
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
7.5 mL × 2 × 7 = 105 mL
Bottles
105/150 = 0.7 → N = 1
Answer
N = 1
This is independent practice material. ExamProblems is not affiliated with or endorsed by the organisation that runs this exam, and the exam name is used only to describe the content.