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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
What is "sundowning" in a resident with dementia?
ASleeping most of the day and staying awake all night by choice
BA drop in blood pressure that happens only at night
CMore confusion and agitation late in the day
DA skin reaction after time spent outside in the sun
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
At lunch, a nursing assistant is not sure which of two residents with similar names is sitting at the table. What should the nursing assistant do before serving the tray?
AAsk another resident at the table which of the two is which
BGive the tray to whichever of the two residents looks most ready to eat
CCheck identity by facility policy and compare it with the diet card
DServe both trays at once and let the two residents choose
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 15:35 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
15:35
15:35 PM
23:35 PM
32:35 PM
43:35 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 19:00 and finishes at 08:40 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
19:0008:40
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · More confusion and agitation late in the day
Why this is the answer
Sundowning is increased confusion, agitation or wandering later in the day. A calm environment, good lighting, a predictable routine, limiting caffeine and planning activities earlier in the day can help.
Answer
C · More confusion and agitation late in the day
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Check identity by facility policy and compare it with the diet card
Why this is the answer
Residents are identified by the facility's method, such as an ID band or photo, and the name is checked against the diet card. Serving the wrong diet can cause choking, allergic reactions or dangerous blood sugar changes.
Answer
C · Check identity by facility policy and compare it with the diet card
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 3:35 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
15 − 12 = 3 → PM
Answer
3:35 PM
Answer
3:35 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 13.67 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
19:00 → 24:00 = 300 min
After midnight
00:00 → 08:40 = 520 min
Total
300 + 520 = 820 min
t = 820/60 = 13.67 h
Answer
t = 13.67 h
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