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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why are thickened liquids ordered for some residents?
ATo make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
BTo add calories for residents who are slowly losing weight
CTo reduce the amount of urine the resident produces
DTo help residents take their tablets without water
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's radial pulse is 48 beats per minute, and she says she feels light-headed. What should the nursing assistant do?
AWalk her around the hallway to raise her heart rate
BKeep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
CAsk her to drink a cup of coffee and recheck in an hour
DRecord it and let the next shift recheck it tomorrow
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A weight conversion gives 112.5317 kg. The rule in this exercise is that weights are rounded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. What value x do you record?
112.5317 kg
x = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tsp of an oral suspension three times a day for 14 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
½ tspthree times a day14 days150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · To make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
Why this is the answer
Thickened liquids move more slowly in the mouth and throat, which reduces the risk of choking and aspiration in residents with dysphagia. The ordered thickness must be followed exactly.
Answer
A · To make swallowing safer in residents with dysphagia
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Keep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A pulse below 60 with light-headedness can mean poor blood flow to the brain and a fall risk. The resident is kept safe and the nurse is told at once.
Answer
B · Keep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 112.5 kg
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
112.5317 → 5
Only the next digit decides
112.5317 → 3
3 is 4 or less, so 5 stays.
The digits after it (17) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 112.5 kg
Answer
x = 112.5 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 1
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
2.5 mL × 3 × 14 = 105 mL
Bottles
105/150 = 0.7 → N = 1
Answer
N = 1
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