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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A nursing assistant notices that a task on the care plan no longer seems to fit a resident's needs. What should the nursing assistant do?
AChange the written care plan so that it matches the resident's needs
BReport what they see to the nurse, who can review the plan
CKeep following the plan and say nothing
DStop doing the task without telling anyone
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who fell last month refuses to walk with the nursing assistant, saying she is afraid. What is the best response?
ATell her she must walk now, because walking is written in her care plan
BLet her stay in bed and say nothing to anyone
CTell her she will never walk again if she refuses
DAccept her fear, explain the safety steps and tell the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 23:20 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
23:20
11:20 PM
211:20 PM
310:20 PM
411:20 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 50 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
50 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Report what they see to the nurse, who can review the plan
Why this is the answer
The nursing assistant's observations help the nurse and team update the care plan. Changing it alone, or silently stopping care, is outside the role and can harm the resident.
Answer
B · Report what they see to the nurse, who can review the plan
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Accept her fear, explain the safety steps and tell the nurse
Why this is the answer
Fear of falling can lead to inactivity and loss of strength. Listening, explaining how she will be kept safe and reporting the refusal lets the team address it, for example with physical therapy. Her right to refuse is respected.
Answer
D · Accept her fear, explain the safety steps and tell the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 11:20 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
23 − 12 = 11 → PM
Answer
11:20 PM
Answer
11:20 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 3 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 50 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 50·60/1000 = 3 mg/h
Answer
D = 3 mg/h
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