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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
While measuring blood pressure with a stethoscope, which sound gives the systolic reading?
AThe first clear sound heard as the cuff deflates
BThe sound heard when the cuff is fully inflated
CThe last sound heard before silence
DThe loudest sound heard during deflation
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant wakes up with a fever and a cough before a shift. What is the best action?
ATake a fever reducer at home so the fever does not show, and work
BCall the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
CGo to work and tell no one
DGo to work and wear gloves and a mask all day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 7:05 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
7:05 AM
108:05
207:05
319:05
406:05
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 25 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
25 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · The first clear sound heard as the cuff deflates
Why this is the answer
As the cuff deflates, the first clear tapping sound is the systolic pressure. The point where the sounds disappear is the diastolic pressure.
Answer
A · The first clear sound heard as the cuff deflates
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
Why this is the answer
Staff who are ill can spread infection to residents, who are often frail. The nursing assistant follows the facility's illness policy and tells the supervisor before the shift so care can be covered.
Answer
B · Call the supervisor before the shift, following facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 07:05
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
7 AM → 07
Answer
07:05
Answer
07:05
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 1.5 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 25 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 25·60/1000 = 1.5 mg/h
Answer
D = 1.5 mg/h
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