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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident is anxious before a medical test tomorrow. What is the best way for the nursing assistant to help?
AExplain the test results that she is likely to receive
BListen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
CTell her that she is being silly
DTell her there is nothing to worry about and change the subject
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
After a resident dies, his wife asks the nursing assistant to stay with her for a few minutes. What should the nursing assistant do?
AExplain politely that they are too busy and must go to other residents
BStay with her quietly and listen, telling the nurse where they are
CBegin postmortem care while she watches
DTell her that he is in a better place now and leave
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 6 lb 6 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
6 lb 6 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 10 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
10 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Listen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
Why this is the answer
Active listening and a calm presence ease anxiety. The nurse can answer questions about the test. False reassurance and dismissing the resident's feelings block communication.
Answer
B · Listen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Stay with her quietly and listen, telling the nurse where they are
Why this is the answer
Simply being present and listening comforts a grieving family member. The nursing assistant lets the nurse know so other duties are covered. Clichés and rushing can feel hurtful.
Answer
B · Stay with her quietly and listen, telling the nurse where they are
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 2.9 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
6 oz/16 = 0.375 lb
6 + 0.375 = 6.375 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 6.375/2.2 = 2.898 ≈ 2.9 kg
Answer
m = 2.9 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 0.6 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 10 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 10·60/1000 = 0.6 mg/h
Answer
D = 0.6 mg/h
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