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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which rule applies when giving range-of-motion exercises?
APush the joint past the point of pain to stretch it
BSupport the limb above and below the joint and move it gently
CMove each joint quickly as far as it will go
DExercise only the joints on the resident's strong side to avoid pain
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has collapsed while touching a lamp with a damaged cord. What should the nursing assistant do first?
AStart CPR immediately, even while the resident's hand is still touching the lamp
BNot touch the resident until the power is safely turned off, and call for help
CPull the resident away from the lamp with bare hands
DPour water on the lamp to stop the current
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 38.7 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
38.7 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 1 tsp of cough syrup, 1 tbsp of liquid supplement, 1 fl oz of juice, 2 cups of tea. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Support the limb above and below the joint and move it gently
Why this is the answer
The limb is supported above and below the joint, and each joint is moved slowly and smoothly only as far as is comfortable. Exercises stop if the resident has pain, which is reported to the nurse.
Answer
B · Support the limb above and below the joint and move it gently
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Not touch the resident until the power is safely turned off, and call for help
Why this is the answer
A person in contact with live electricity can shock the rescuer. The power is turned off or the plug pulled safely, then help is called and the resident is checked. Water conducts electricity and is never used.
Answer
B · Not touch the resident until the power is safely turned off, and call for help
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 101.7 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
38.7·9/5 = 69.66
Add 32
T = 69.66 + 32 = 101.7 °F
Answer
T = 101.7 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 530 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
2 cups = 2·240 = 480 mL
Add
V = 5 + 15 + 30 + 480 = 530 mL
Answer
V = 530 mL
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