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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident's hearing aid keeps whistling. What is a common cause?
AThe room is too quiet
BIt is not sitting correctly in the ear
CThe battery is brand new
DThe resident is speaking too softly
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Which observation should be reported to the nurse immediately, rather than at the end of the shift?
AA resident asked for an extra blanket
BA resident ate 75% of lunch
CA resident suddenly cannot move one arm
DA resident had a normal bowel movement
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 9 lb 4 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
9 lb 4 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 8 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
8 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · It is not sitting correctly in the ear
Why this is the answer
Whistling (feedback) often happens when the hearing aid is not inserted properly, does not fit well or the ear has wax buildup. Reinserting it may fix it; ongoing problems are reported.
Answer
B · It is not sitting correctly in the ear
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · A resident suddenly cannot move one arm
Why this is the answer
Sudden weakness or loss of movement can be a stroke and needs immediate attention. Routine information such as meal intake is recorded and reported at the usual time.
Answer
C · A resident suddenly cannot move one arm
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 4.2 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
4 oz/16 = 0.25 lb
9 + 0.25 = 9.25 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 9.25/2.2 = 4.205 ≈ 4.2 kg
Answer
m = 4.2 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 0.48 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 8 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 8·60/1000 = 0.48 mg/h
Answer
D = 0.48 mg/h
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