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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident speaks only Spanish, and the nursing assistant speaks only English. What is the best way to communicate important information?
AAsk the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
BSpeak English louder and more slowly
CAvoid talking to the resident as much as possible
DAsk the resident's 9-year-old grandchild to translate
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident wants to keep a small amount of money in her room. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATake the money to the nurses' station without asking her, to keep it safe
BPut the money in her drawer and tell her family
CRespect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
DTell her that residents may not have any money
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 14:25 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
14:25
12:25 AM
24:25 PM
32:25 PM
41:25 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 3 tsp of cough syrup, 1 tbsp of liquid supplement, 1 cup of tea, 6 fl oz of juice. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
Why this is the answer
Trained interpreters give accurate, confidential communication. Children and untrained family members may make errors or be put in difficult positions. Gestures and picture boards can help with simple daily needs.
Answer
A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
Why this is the answer
Residents may manage their own personal funds. The nursing assistant respects this and informs the nurse so that the money can be listed and stored safely, for example in a locked drawer.
Answer
C · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 2:25 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
14 − 12 = 2 → PM
Answer
2:25 PM
Answer
2:25 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 450 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
1 cup = 1·240 = 240 mL
6 fl oz = 6·30 = 180 mL
Add
V = 15 + 15 + 240 + 180 = 450 mL
Answer
V = 450 mL
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