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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with a recent hip fracture needs to use a bedpan. Which type is usually used?
AA standard bedpan with the head of the bed flat
BA commode chair next to the bed
CA urinal held by the nursing assistant
DA fracture pan
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A visitor asks the nursing assistant which residents on the unit have HIV, so that she can avoid them. What should the nursing assistant do?
ASay that health information is private, and HIV is not spread by casual contact
BTell her she may read the residents' charts at the nurses' station if she is careful
CPoint out the rooms of those residents without saying any of their names
DGive her the names, because she is only trying to protect her own health
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 01:40 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
01:40
13:40 AM
21:40 AM
312:40 AM
41:40 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 8.5 g/dL. Express it in g/L Hb.
8.5 g/dL1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · A fracture pan
Why this is the answer
A fracture pan is flatter and is slid under the buttocks with little lifting, so it suits residents with hip fractures or limited movement. It is placed with the flat end under the buttocks.
Answer
D · A fracture pan
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Say that health information is private, and HIV is not spread by casual contact
Why this is the answer
Health information, including HIV status, is confidential and never shared with visitors. The nursing assistant can reassure the visitor that HIV is not spread by casual contact such as talking or touching.
Answer
A · Say that health information is private, and HIV is not spread by casual contact
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 1:40 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
01 → 1 AM
Answer
1:40 AM
Answer
1:40 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 85 g/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 8.5 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 85 g/L
Answer
Hb = 85 g/L
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