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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which measure often helps a resident with osteoarthritis?
AComplete bed rest for several weeks
BLifting heavy weights to strengthen the joints
CKeeping the painful joints still in one position all day long
DWarm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant told the nurse that a resident seemed more short of breath, but nothing was done, and the resident is getting worse. What should the nursing assistant do?
ACall the resident's family and ask them to complain
BReport again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
CGive the resident extra oxygen without telling anyone
DWait until the next shift to see if someone else notices the change
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 01:25 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
01:25
11:25 PM
212:25 AM
31:25 AM
43:25 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 22:40 and finishes at 00:10 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
22:4000:10
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Warm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
Why this is the answer
Osteoarthritis causes joint pain and stiffness. Warmth, gentle exercise, rest periods, assistive devices and pain relief as ordered help keep the joints moving. Long periods without movement increase stiffness.
Answer
D · Warm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Report again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
Why this is the answer
If a serious concern is not addressed, the nursing assistant reports again and then goes to the next level, such as the charge nurse or supervisor. Acting outside the role or waiting puts the resident at risk.
Answer
B · Report again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 1:25 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
01 → 1 AM
Answer
1:25 AM
Answer
1:25 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 1.5 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
22:40 → 24:00 = 80 min
After midnight
00:00 → 00:10 = 10 min
Total
80 + 10 = 90 min
t = 90/60 = 1.5 h
Answer
t = 1.5 h
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