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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When taking a tympanic (ear) temperature on an adult, how is the outer ear pulled?
AForward toward the face
BUp and back
CDown and back
DStraight down
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who is ordered thickened liquids asks for a cup of regular coffee. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARefuse any coffee for the rest of the day
BGive a small cup of regular coffee as a treat
CExplain the diet order, offer thickened coffee and tell the nurse if the resident disagrees
DGive the regular coffee through a straw
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 12:50 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
12:50
112:50 PM
211:50 PM
32:50 PM
412:50 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 23:55 and finishes at 03:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
23:5503:15
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Up and back
Why this is the answer
For adults, the outer ear is gently pulled up and back to straighten the ear canal so the probe points toward the eardrum. (For young children it is pulled down and back.)
Answer
B · Up and back
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Explain the diet order, offer thickened coffee and tell the nurse if the resident disagrees
Why this is the answer
Thin liquids may be aspirated by a resident with dysphagia, so the ordered consistency is followed. The nursing assistant offers a safe version and reports the resident's wishes so the care team can discuss choices and risks with them. Straws can make aspiration more likely.
Answer
C · Explain the diet order, offer thickened coffee and tell the nurse if the resident disagrees
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 12:50 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
12 → 12 PM
Answer
12:50 PM
Answer
12:50 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 3.33 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
23:55 → 24:00 = 5 min
After midnight
00:00 → 03:15 = 195 min
Total
5 + 195 = 200 min
t = 200/60 = 3.333 ≈ 3.33 h
Answer
t = 3.33 h
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