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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Before turning a resident onto the side, why is the resident first moved toward the nursing assistant's side of the bed?
ASo that the resident can see out of the window
BSo that the resident can reach the call light more easily
CSo that the nursing assistant does not need to use a lift sheet to turn
DSo that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's family asks to say prayers at the bedside and wash the body themselves after death, as their religion requires. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATell the family that cultural practices are not part of care
BExplain that facility rules do not allow family members to do this
CRespect the request and let the nurse know so it can be arranged
DDo the usual postmortem care first, then allow the prayers
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A drip-rate calculation gives 216.135 gtt/min. The rule in this exercise is that drip rates are rounded to the nearest whole drop. What value x do you record?
216.135 gtt/min
x = gtt/min
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 2 tsp of an oral suspension twice a day for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
2 tsptwice a day10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
Why this is the answer
Moving the resident toward you first means that when they turn away from you onto their side, they end up in the center of the bed, not at the edge where they could fall.
Answer
D · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Respect the request and let the nurse know so it can be arranged
Why this is the answer
Respecting religious and cultural practices around death is part of dignified care. The nursing assistant tells the nurse so the family's wishes can be met within facility policy.
Answer
C · Respect the request and let the nurse know so it can be arranged
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 216 gtt/min
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the ones place
216.135 → 6
Only the next digit decides
216.135 → 1
1 is 4 or less, so 6 stays.
The digits after it (35) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 216 gtt/min
Answer
x = 216 gtt/min
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 200 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
Whole course
V = 10 mL × 2/day × 10 = 200 mL
Answer
V = 200 mL
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