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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident who is walking with a nursing assistant starts to fall. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALet go and step back to avoid being injured
BTry to hold the resident upright at all costs
CWiden the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
DGrab the resident under the arms and quickly lift them back to standing
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has had several watery stools today. Besides reporting this to the nurse, what should the nursing assistant do?
AGive her an anti-diarrhea tablet from the nurse's cart
BLeave her in the soiled brief until the next round
CHold all fluids so that the stools become less watery
DGive prompt perineal care, record stools and offer fluids
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 08:10 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
08:10
110:10 AM
28:10 AM
38:10 PM
47:10 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 30 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
30 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Widen the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
Why this is the answer
Pull the resident close using the gait belt, let them slide down along your leg and protect the head. Then stay with the resident, call for the nurse and do not move them until the nurse has checked them.
Answer
C · Widen the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Give prompt perineal care, record stools and offer fluids
Why this is the answer
Diarrhea can quickly cause dehydration and skin breakdown. The nursing assistant gives prompt perineal care, uses gloves and good hand hygiene, records the number and appearance of stools and offers fluids unless restricted.
Answer
D · Give prompt perineal care, record stools and offer fluids
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 8:10 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
08 → 8 AM
Answer
8:10 AM
Answer
8:10 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 1.8 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 30 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 30·60/1000 = 1.8 mg/h
Answer
D = 1.8 mg/h
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