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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When a restraint has been ordered and applied, how is it usually secured?
AWith a tight double knot to the side rail
BWith a knot that the resident can easily reach and untie when needed
CTo the mattress so it moves when the bed moves
DWith a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant finds a resident sitting on the floor next to the bed. The resident is awake and says, "I'm fine, just help me up." What should the nursing assistant do first?
AHelp the resident back into bed straight away
BStay with the resident and call the nurse before moving them
CGive the resident a drink of water to calm them
DFinish the rounds quickly and check on the resident again later
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 36.6 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
36.6 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 3 cups of tea, 4 fl oz of juice, 3 tbsp of liquid supplement, 1½ tsp of cough syrup. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · With a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
Why this is the answer
A restraint is secured with a quick-release knot (or buckle) out of the resident's reach, to the movable bed frame, not the side rail. Tying it to the side rail can injure the resident when the rail is lowered.
Answer
D · With a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Stay with the resident and call the nurse before moving them
Why this is the answer
After a fall, the resident may have a fracture or head injury. The nursing assistant keeps them still, calls for help using the call light, stays with them and lets the nurse assess them before moving. The fall is then reported and documented.
Answer
B · Stay with the resident and call the nurse before moving them
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 97.9 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
36.6·9/5 = 65.88
Add 32
T = 65.88 + 32 = 97.88 ≈ 97.9 °F
Answer
T = 97.9 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 892.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
3 cups = 3·240 = 720 mL
4 fl oz = 4·30 = 120 mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
Add
V = 720 + 120 + 45 + 7.5 = 892.5 mL
Answer
V = 892.5 mL
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