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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A nursing assistant suspects that a resident is being abused. When should this be reported?
AAfter first asking the family if they know about it
BAt the end of the week, when the care plans are reviewed
COnly after collecting proof that the abuse happened
DImmediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with dementia keeps going through her roommate's drawers and taking items. What is the best approach?
ALock the resident in her room when the roommate is out
BTell her each time that stealing is wrong
CMove all of the roommate's belongings out of the room without asking
DGently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose calculation for an injection gives 8.3349 mL. The rule in this exercise is that volumes of 1 mL or more are rounded to the nearest tenth of a mL. What value x do you record?
8.3349 mL
x = mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 20 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
20 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants must report suspected abuse or neglect at once; they do not need proof and do not investigate themselves. Delaying puts the resident at risk, and failing to report can itself be a violation.
Answer
D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Gently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
Why this is the answer
Rummaging is a dementia behavior, not stealing. Redirecting the resident to her own "rummage box" keeps her busy and protects the roommate's property. Report it so the care plan can address it; locking her in would be involuntary seclusion.
Answer
D · Gently redirect her and offer a drawer or box of her own items to sort, then report it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 8.3 mL
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
8.3349 → 3
Only the next digit decides
8.3349 → 3
3 is 4 or less, so 3 stays.
The digits after it (49) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 8.3 mL
Answer
x = 8.3 mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 1.2 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 20 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 20·60/1000 = 1.2 mg/h
Answer
D = 1.2 mg/h
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