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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When is an incident report usually completed?
AAt the end of every shift, even if nothing unusual happened
BWhen something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
COnly when a resident asks for one
DOnly when a resident dies
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with an anxiety disorder is breathing fast and says her heart is pounding and she feels she is going to die. What should the nursing assistant do first?
AStay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
BAsk her to walk around the hallway quickly to calm herself down
CTell her it is only anxiety and leave the room
DHave her breathe into a plastic bag
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A drip-rate calculation gives 29.143 gtt/min. The rule in this exercise is that drip rates are rounded to the nearest whole drop. What value x do you record?
29.143 gtt/min
x = gtt/min
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension every 6 hours for 7 days. The suspension comes in 100 mL bottles. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tbspevery 6 hours7 days100 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · When something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
Why this is the answer
An incident report is completed for unusual events involving residents, visitors or staff, such as falls, injuries, errors or lost items. It helps the facility find causes and prevent repeats.
Answer
B · When something unusual happens, such as a fall or injury
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
Why this is the answer
These signs may be a panic attack, but they can also be a heart or breathing problem. The nursing assistant stays, keeps her calm and safe and gets the nurse to assess her. Plastic bags are dangerous.
Answer
A · Stay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 29 gtt/min
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the ones place
29.143 → 9
Only the next digit decides
29.143 → 1
1 is 4 or less, so 9 stays.
The digits after it (43) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 29 gtt/min
Answer
x = 29 gtt/min
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 5
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
15 mL × 4 × 7 = 420 mL
Bottles
420/100 = 4.2 → N = 5
Answer
N = 5
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