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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with dementia asks the same question many times. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARemind her she has already asked several times
BIgnore the question until she stops asking
CAnswer calmly each time, using the same simple words
DTell her to write the answer down and stop asking
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has severe osteoporosis. Which practice is most important during her care?
AMove her quickly to finish care in less time
BEncourage her to lift heavy objects each day to build bone strength
CKeep her in bed at all times so her bones rest
DMove and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 12:40 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
12:40 PM
100:40
224:40
313:40
412:40
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tsp of an oral suspension every 6 hours for 10 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
½ tspevery 6 hours10 days150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Answer calmly each time, using the same simple words
Why this is the answer
Memory loss means the resident may not remember the earlier answer. Patiently answering in the same calm, simple way, or gently redirecting her, reduces frustration. Pointing out the repetition can cause embarrassment.
Answer
C · Answer calmly each time, using the same simple words
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Move and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
Why this is the answer
Osteoporosis makes bones porous and fragile, so they can break with little force. Gentle handling, enough staff, lift sheets and fall prevention protect her. Activity as ordered still helps keep bones and muscles strong.
Answer
D · Move and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 12:40
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
12 PM → 12
Answer
12:40
Answer
12:40
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 1
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
2.5 mL × 4 × 10 = 100 mL
Bottles
100/150 = 0.6667 → N = 1
Answer
N = 1
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