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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How is a resident's hearing aid usually cared for at night?
ALeft on the bedside table with the battery on
BLeft in the ear so the resident can hear alarms
CTurned off, removed and stored in its labeled case
DSoaked in a cup of water to clean it
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident chooses to wear a bright red shirt with striped pants that the nursing assistant thinks do not match. What should the nursing assistant do?
AChoose a matching outfit for him instead
BAsk his family to pick his clothes every day
CHelp him dress in the clothes he chose
DTell him the clothes do not match and should be changed
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 4 lb 1 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
4 lb 1 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 2 tsp of an oral suspension twice a day for 5 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
2 tsptwice a day5 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Turned off, removed and stored in its labeled case
Why this is the answer
At night the hearing aid is turned off (or the battery door opened), removed and kept in its labeled case, away from water and heat. This saves the battery and prevents loss or damage.
Answer
C · Turned off, removed and stored in its labeled case
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Help him dress in the clothes he chose
Why this is the answer
Residents have the right to make choices about their daily life, including clothing. Respecting this choice supports dignity and independence, as long as the clothing is safe and suitable for the weather.
Answer
C · Help him dress in the clothes he chose
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 1.85 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
1 oz/16 = 0.0625 lb
4 + 0.0625 = 4.063 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 4.063/2.2 = 1.847 ≈ 1.85 kg
Answer
m = 1.85 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 100 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
Whole course
V = 10 mL × 2/day × 5 = 100 mL
Answer
V = 100 mL
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