Introduction to Law: cram pack

At an auction in England, the contract of sale is completed when:

1. AThe bidder makes the highest bid
2. BThe auctioneer brings down the hammer
3. CThe auctioneer puts the item up for sale
4. DThe buyer collects the goods

A distribution agreement says it is not a formal or legal agreement and is "binding in honour only". In Rose and Frank v Crompton, the court held:

1. AThe agreement was binding despite those words
2. BThe agreement was void as illegal
3. CThe agreement itself was not legally binding
4. DThe agreement was a deed and binding

A worker inhales silica dust from two sources, only one of which was due to the employer's breach. In Bonnington Castings v Wardlaw, the employer was liable because the guilty dust:

1. AMaterially contributed to the disease
2. BWas easier to prevent than the other dust
3. CWas the only cause of the disease
4. DWas more than half of the total dust

Police officers arresting a suspect in a busy street knock over an elderly pedestrian. In Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, the Supreme Court held:

1. AA duty was owed, since the police caused harm by a positive act
2. BNo duty was owed, as the Caparo test was not met for police operations
3. CA duty arose only because she was a victim of crime
4. DNo duty was owed, because the police are immune

Under AG v De Keyser's Royal Hotel, when a statute covers the same ground as a prerogative power:

1. AThe government can choose freely between the two
2. BThe prerogative is put in abeyance and the government must act under the statute
3. CThe government may still choose the prerogative if it offers more flexible powers
4. DThe prerogative overrides the statute

Dicey argued that in England individual liberties were mainly protected by:

1. AThe ordinary courts applying the common law
2. BThe personal decisions of the monarch
3. CA written bill of rights with higher status
4. DA specialised constitutional court

D swaps price labels on two items in a supermarket, intending to pay the lower price. Following R v Morris, the appropriation took place when D:

1. ASwitched the labels, assuming one of the owner's rights
2. BPaid at the checkout
3. CLeft the shop without paying
4. DPut the item in the trolley

Which statement about "noodweerexces" (excessive self-defence) in Dutch law (Article 41(2) Sr) is correct?

1. AThe excess is excused if directly caused by a strong emotional disturbance resulting from the attack
2. BAny excessive force is always justified
3. CIt applies only to police officers
4. DThe excess is justified whenever the defender reasonably feared further attacks from the same person later

The ordinary legislative procedure gives equal law-making roles to:

1. ANational parliaments and the Commission
2. BThe European Parliament and the Council
3. CThe European Council and the Central Bank
4. DThe Commission and the Court of Justice

The "Melloni" judgment held that a member state may NOT:

1. ARefer questions to the Court of Justice
2. BApply a higher national standard of fundamental rights where it would undermine the primacy, unity and effectiveness of EU law in a fully harmonised area
3. CExecute any European Arrest Warrant
4. DEver protect fundamental rights more than the EU