Introduction to Law: cram pack

In English law, the "postal rule" means an acceptance sent by post takes effect:

1. AWhen the letter is posted
2. BWhen the letter is read
3. CWhen the letter arrives
4. DWhen the offeror replies

A buyer specifically asks a surveyor to check aircraft noise at a property. The surveyor negligently reports no problem. In Farley v Skinner:

1. AThe buyer had to sell the house before claiming
2. BDamages for discomfort were recoverable, as peace of mind was an important object of the obligation
3. COnly the difference in market value was recoverable
4. DNo damages were recoverable, because damages for distress or discomfort are always excluded in contract

A house is built on defective foundations, approved by the local authority. Cracks appear and the owner sells at a loss. In Murphy v Brentwood DC, the loss was:

1. APure economic loss, not recoverable in negligence
2. BPhysical damage, fully recoverable
3. CRecoverable only against the buyer
4. DRecoverable because the council approved the plans

Residents complain of noise from a motor sports stadium that had been used for years and had planning permission. In Coventry v Lawrence, the Supreme Court held that:

1. APlanning permission was not in itself a defence, and damages instead of an injunction should be considered more flexibly
2. BPlanning permission was a complete defence to the nuisance claim
3. CCourts must always grant an injunction where nuisance is proved
4. DComing to the nuisance was a complete defence

In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:

1. AAt any time
2. BWithin six years
3. CWithin one year
4. DPromptly, and in any event within three months

Under Osman v UK, a state breaches its positive obligation under Article 2 to protect a person from a third party if the authorities:

1. AFailed to prevent any crime in their area
2. BKnew or ought to have known of a real and immediate risk to life, and failed to take reasonable measures
3. CDid not provide round-the-clock police protection for every person who had reported any threat against them
4. DFailed to convict the person who later killed the victim

D takes V's bag and is seen; a few seconds later D ties V up to escape. Following R v Hale, D is guilty of robbery because:

1. AAppropriation is a continuing act, so the force was used at the time of the theft
2. BAny force used on the victim within an hour of the theft automatically turns it into robbery
3. CTying up a victim is robbery even without theft
4. DThe bag was later recovered by the police

Under the "transferred malice" doctrine, if A aims a blow at B but hits C:

1. AA is only liable for attempted harm to C
2. BB becomes liable for the harm to C
3. CA's intention towards B is transferred, so A can be liable for the harm to C
4. DA cannot be liable for harm to C because A had no mens rea at all in relation to C

Which of these can NOT be used to justify a restriction on imports under Article 36 TFEU?

1. AProtection of human health
2. BProtection of industrial and commercial property
3. CProtecting the national economy from competition
4. DPublic morality

In Commission v Italy (trailers, 2009), an Italian ban on motorcycles towing trailers was held to be:

1. AA measure having equivalent effect, because it hindered access to the market for the product
2. BA customs duty contrary to Article 30
3. COutside Article 34 because it applied equally to domestic and imported motorcycles and trailers alike
4. DA selling arrangement outside Article 34