Introduction to Law: cram pack

Damages for breach of contract are generally meant to:

1. APut the innocent party in the position as if the contract had been performed
2. BReturn both parties only to the position they were in before the contract was made
3. CPunish the party in breach
4. DGive the innocent party a profit beyond their loss

A council invites tenders by a deadline. A club submits on time, but the council wrongly treats it as late and ignores it. In Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club v Blackpool BC, the Court of Appeal held:

1. AThere was no obligation of any kind, as an invitation to tender is only an invitation to treat
2. BThe council breached an implied contract to consider conforming tenders
3. CThe club could only claim in tort for negligence
4. DThe council was obliged to accept the club's tender

Auditors negligently certify a company's accounts. An investor relies on them to buy more shares and suffers loss. In Caparo v Dickman, the auditors:

1. AOwed no duty to the investor for this purpose
2. BWere strictly liable for errors in the accounts
3. COwed a duty to anyone relying on the accounts
4. DOwed a duty because the investor was a shareholder

A man's leg is injured by a negligent driver. Later, robbers shoot the same leg and it is amputated. In Baker v Willoughby, the driver:

1. AWas liable only until the shooting
2. BRemained liable for the original disability after the shooting
3. CWas liable for the amputation too
4. DWas released completely from liability by the robbers' later shooting

In Dudgeon v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland:

1. AViolated only the right to marry
2. BWas outside the scope of the Convention
3. CViolated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
4. DWas justified under Article 8(2) as necessary to protect public morals

A tribunal orders publication of Prince Charles's letters to ministers. The Attorney General issues a certificate under the Freedom of Information Act overriding it. In R (Evans) v Attorney General (2015), the Supreme Court held:

1. AThe certificate was valid, as the Act gave him an unqualified veto over any tribunal decision on disclosure
2. BThe Act was incompatible with Article 10 ECHR
3. CThe certificate was invalid, as he had merely disagreed with the tribunal's view of the same facts
4. DThe letters could never be published

D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:

1. AIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds
2. BIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
3. CMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities
4. DIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts

In Sweet v Parsley (1970), a landlady was convicted of being concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis. The House of Lords:

1. AUpheld the conviction because drug offences are always strict liability in order to protect public health
2. BQuashed the conviction, holding that mens rea is presumed unless Parliament clearly excludes it
3. CHeld that cannabis offences require a commercial purpose
4. DHeld that landladies have a duty to search their tenants

Environmental policy is an example of which type of EU competence?

1. ASupporting competence
2. BShared competence
3. CExclusive competence
4. DNo EU competence at all

The Kadi judgment (2008) is significant because the CJEU held that:

1. AEU measures implementing UN Security Council resolutions must respect EU fundamental rights
2. BIndividuals can never challenge sanctions
3. CThe EU has no competence in foreign policy
4. DUN Security Council resolutions always prevail over EU fundamental rights under the UN Charter