Introduction to Law: cram pack

Sailors are promised extra wages for sailing a ship home after two crew members desert, but they do no more than their contract already required. In Stilk v Myrick the promise was:

1. AUnenforceable for lack of consideration
2. BEnforceable as a practical benefit
3. CEnforceable because the captain agreed freely
4. DUnenforceable because it was made at sea

A seller agreed to ship goods from Sudan to Hamburg. The Suez Canal was closed, so the ship had to go round the Cape of Good Hope, a much longer route. In Tsakiroglou v Noblee Thorl:

1. AThe buyer had to pay the extra freight costs
2. BThe contract was void from the start
3. CThe contract was not frustrated, as the longer route was not fundamentally different
4. DThe contract was frustrated, as shipping via the usual Suez route had become impossible

An occupier hires a reputable lift company to maintain a lift. The company's negligence causes an accident. Under Haseldine v Daw, the occupier is:

1. ANot liable, if it reasonably chose a competent contractor
2. BLiable, because maintenance is non-delegable
3. CLiable for any defect on its premises
4. DLiable only if the lift is new

A prisoner known to be a suicide risk kills himself in a police cell after officers leave the door hatch open. In Reeves v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, the House of Lords held:

1. AHis deliberate act broke the chain of causation
2. BThe police were not liable, because a sane adult's suicide is always a voluntary act breaking the chain
3. CHis deliberate act did not break the chain, because it was the very thing the duty aimed to prevent
4. DThe claim failed because of illegality

In Lingens v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that politicians:

1. AHave no rights under Article 10
2. BAre fully protected from any criticism
3. CCannot sue for defamation at all
4. DMust tolerate wider criticism than private individuals

The legitimate expectation doctrine protects individuals when:

1. AA public body made a clear promise or established practice that it then seeks to depart from unfairly
2. BA minister speaks in Parliament
3. CA contract with the government exists and the public body later fails to perform its contractual obligations
4. DAny person hopes for a favourable decision

The "thin skull" rule in criminal law means:

1. AThe victim's injuries must be foreseeable in extent
2. BThe defendant must take the victim as they find them
3. COnly healthy victims are protected
4. DA frail victim breaks the chain of causation

Why is the principle of "lex certa" important in criminal law?

1. ALaws must be certain to be enforced, so the police have no discretion in applying them
2. BJudges must be certain before sentencing
3. COnly certain crimes can be prosecuted
4. DCriminal laws must be clear enough for people to foresee what is punishable

In Levin (1982), the Court held that a part-time worker is protected by Article 45 if the work is:

1. AAt least 30 hours per week
2. BDone for the main purpose of obtaining residence
3. CEffective and genuine, and not purely marginal and ancillary
4. DPaid enough to live without social benefits

In Aranyosi and Căldăraru (2016), the Court held that a judicial authority executing a European Arrest Warrant:

1. AMust ask the European Court of Human Rights for permission
2. BMay postpone surrender if there is a real risk of inhuman or degrading detention conditions for that person
3. CMust always surrender the person, whatever the prison conditions
4. DCan refuse any warrant from a state it distrusts in general