Introduction to Law: cram pack

A creditor agrees to take £600 in full settlement of a £1,000 debt that is due, then sues for the other £400. Under Pinnel's Case and Foakes v Beer, the creditor:

1. ACan recover only if the agreement was oral
2. BCan usually recover the £400
3. CMust give back the £600 first
4. DCannot recover anything more

Two parties agree to continue negotiating for the sale of a business, with no fixed period. In Walford v Miles, the House of Lords held that a bare agreement to negotiate in good faith is:

1. AEnforceable only if made in writing
2. BEnforceable as a lock-out agreement
3. CUnenforceable, because it lacks certainty
4. DEnforceable, as an implied duty of good faith

Contractors negligently cut a power cable, damaging the melt in a factory's furnace and stopping further production. In Spartan Steel v Martin, the factory recovered:

1. AAll profits lost while the power was off
2. BThe damaged melt and its lost profit, but not profit on further melts
3. CNothing, because all the losses were economic and none was physical damage
4. DOnly the cost of repairing the cable

A "novus actus interveniens" can:

1. ABreak the chain of causation between the defendant's breach and the harm
2. BCreate a new duty of care
3. CIncrease the damages owed
4. DTurn a civil claim into a criminal one when the intervening act is an offence

In Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza, the House of Lords used section 3 of the Human Rights Act to read "as his or her wife or husband" in the Rent Act as:

1. AIncompatible, so it issued a declaration
2. BIncluding same-sex partners
3. CExcluding all unmarried partners
4. DApplying only to registered marriages

The legitimate expectation doctrine protects individuals when:

1. AA minister speaks in Parliament
2. BA public body made a clear promise or established practice that it then seeks to depart from unfairly
3. CAny person hopes for a favourable decision
4. DA contract with the government exists and the public body later fails to perform its contractual obligations

Duress as a defence is generally NOT available in English law to a charge of:

1. ACriminal damage
2. BMurder
3. CDrug possession
4. DTheft

In R v Jordan (1956), the court held the chain of causation was broken because:

1. AThe medical treatment was "palpably wrong" and the wound had mainly healed
2. BThe victim had an unusually thin skull
3. CA second attacker stabbed the victim again in hospital
4. DThe victim refused a blood transfusion for religious reasons, which was unforeseeable

In Foto-Frost (1987), the Court held that national courts:

1. ACan freely declare EU acts invalid
2. BMust apply EU acts even if the Court of Justice has already declared them invalid
3. CCannot refer validity questions to the Court of Justice
4. DCannot declare an EU act invalid themselves and must refer the question

In Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (2013), the Court interpreted "regulatory act" in Article 263(4) TFEU to mean:

1. AAny act adopted by the Commission or the Council
2. BAny regulation, whether legislative or not
3. CAn act of general application other than a legislative act
4. DAn act addressed to a specific individual