Introduction to Law: cram pack

An offer says acceptance must be made "by notice in writing to us". The offeree posts an acceptance, which is lost. Under Holwell Securities v Hughes:

1. AThere is no contract, because actual notice was required
2. BA contract was formed when the offeree decided to accept
3. CA contract was formed when the letter was posted
4. DThe contract is void for common mistake

A chartered ship is returned late, and the owner loses a very profitable follow-on charter. In The Achilleas, the House of Lords held the charterer was liable:

1. AFor punitive damages, because the delay was deliberate
2. BOnly for the market rate difference during the overrun period
3. CFor the whole profit lost on the follow-on charter, as it was foreseeable
4. DFor no loss, because late return is not a breach

Auditors negligently certify a company's accounts. An investor relies on them to buy more shares and suffers loss. In Caparo v Dickman, the auditors:

1. AOwed a duty to anyone relying on the accounts
2. BOwed no duty to the investor for this purpose
3. COwed a duty because the investor was a shareholder
4. DWere strictly liable for errors in the accounts

A man's leg is injured by a negligent driver. Later, robbers shoot the same leg and it is amputated. In Baker v Willoughby, the driver:

1. ARemained liable for the original disability after the shooting
2. BWas liable for the amputation too
3. CWas liable only until the shooting
4. DWas released completely from liability by the robbers' later shooting

Which ground of judicial review applies when a decision-maker ignores a relevant consideration?

1. AIllegality
2. BLegitimate expectation only
3. CNone, because courts never review considerations
4. DProcedural impropriety only

In the Dutch system, the Council of State (Raad van State) mainly:

1. AAdvises on legislation and acts as the highest administrative court in many areas
2. BHears criminal appeals
3. CAppoints the prime minister and supervises the formation of a new coalition government
4. DElects the members of parliament

D puts poison in V's drink intending to kill her, but V dies of an unrelated heart attack before the poison works. D is guilty of:

1. ANo offence at all
2. BAttempted murder
3. CManslaughter
4. DMurder

In Airedale NHS Trust v Bland (1993), the House of Lords held that withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from a patient in a persistent vegetative state:

1. AWas an omission that was lawful because continued treatment was no longer in the patient's best interests
2. BWas lawful only because the patient's family had given consent, which is required for any such withdrawal
3. CWas lawful because the patient had made an advance decision
4. DWas a positive act of killing, amounting to murder

In Ratti (1979), the Court held that an individual could NOT rely on a directive against the state:

1. ABefore the transposition deadline had expired
2. BIf the directive was clear and unconditional
3. CIf the member state had failed to transpose it
4. DAfter the transposition deadline had expired

The CILFIT criteria describe when a court of last instance does NOT have to make a preliminary reference, for example when:

1. AThe parties prefer not to refer
2. BThe question is politically sensitive and the government has formally asked the court not to refer it
3. CThe case is urgent for the government
4. DThe correct interpretation is so obvious as to leave no scope for reasonable doubt (acte clair)