Introduction to Law: cram pack

In Hadley v Baxendale, damages are recoverable for losses that:

1. AWere caused in any factual sense by the breach, however unusual and unforeseeable they were
2. BThe claimant suffered only after the trial
3. CWere caused by a third party
4. DArise naturally from the breach or were in the reasonable contemplation of both parties

An actress is wrongly denied the chance to take part in the final stage of a competition in which some finalists would win prizes. In Chaplin v Hicks:

1. AShe could recover the full value of a prize
2. BShe could recover only her travel expenses
3. CShe could recover nothing, because her loss was uncertain
4. DShe could recover damages for the loss of a chance

A firefighter is injured by a heavy jack in an unsuitable lorry rushed to rescue a woman trapped under a vehicle. Under Watt v Hertfordshire CC, the fire authority was:

1. ANegligent, because firefighters must never take risks
2. BNot negligent, because saving life justified the risk
3. CStrictly liable for injuries to employees
4. DNegligent, because it used an unsuitable vehicle

A prisoner known to be a suicide risk kills himself in a police cell after officers leave the door hatch open. In Reeves v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, the House of Lords held:

1. AThe police were not liable, because a sane adult's suicide is always a voluntary act breaking the chain
2. BHis deliberate act broke the chain of causation
3. CHis deliberate act did not break the chain, because it was the very thing the duty aimed to prevent
4. DThe claim failed because of illegality

In Bellinger v Bellinger, the House of Lords could not read the marriage law to recognise a trans woman's marriage to a man, so it:

1. AStruck down the relevant provision
2. BReferred the case to Strasbourg
3. CRead the statute compatibly under section 3
4. DMade a declaration of incompatibility

Article 79(3) of the German Basic Law (the "eternity clause") forbids amendments that affect:

1. AAny article of the Basic Law at all
2. BOnly the articles on taxation
3. CThe electoral system, the number of seats in the Bundestag, or any of the rules in Articles 38 to 48 on elections
4. DThe federal structure, the Länder's participation in legislation, or the principles in Articles 1 and 20

D swaps price labels on two items in a supermarket, intending to pay the lower price. Following R v Morris, the appropriation took place when D:

1. ASwitched the labels, assuming one of the owner's rights
2. BPaid at the checkout
3. CPut the item in the trolley
4. DLeft the shop without paying

The principle of "ne bis in idem" means that:

1. ATwo judges must hear every case
2. BA person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same offence
3. CEvery crime must be punished twice
4. DAppeals are forbidden

The ordinary legislative procedure gives equal law-making roles to:

1. AThe European Council and the Central Bank
2. BNational parliaments and the Commission
3. CThe European Parliament and the Council
4. DThe Commission and the Court of Justice

The CILFIT criteria describe when a court of last instance does NOT have to make a preliminary reference, for example when:

1. AThe case is urgent for the government
2. BThe question is politically sensitive and the government has formally asked the court not to refer it
3. CThe parties prefer not to refer
4. DThe correct interpretation is so obvious as to leave no scope for reasonable doubt (acte clair)