Introduction to Law: cram pack

A sailor is to be paid only on completing a voyage, but dies part of the way. Under the strict rule applied in Cutter v Powell:

1. AThe full wages were payable
2. BA proportion of the wages was payable
3. CThe ship owner had to pay compensation
4. DNothing was recoverable for the part performed

A buyer purchases oats thinking they are old oats. The seller knows they are new, but made no statement or promise that they were old. Under Smith v Hughes:

1. AThe contract is void for unilateral mistake
2. BThe contract is binding, because a mistake about quality alone is not enough
3. CThe contract is voidable, because the seller's silence amounted to a misrepresentation
4. DThe seller had a duty to correct the buyer

The Caparo test for a new duty of care requires:

1. AForeseeability of harm, proximity and that it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty
2. BProof of criminal conduct
3. CA contract between the parties, a breach of its terms and loss flowing directly from the breach
4. DIntention, motive and damage

Police officers arresting a suspect in a busy street knock over an elderly pedestrian. In Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, the Supreme Court held:

1. AA duty arose only because she was a victim of crime
2. BA duty was owed, since the police caused harm by a positive act
3. CNo duty was owed, because the police are immune
4. DNo duty was owed, as the Caparo test was not met for police operations

In R v Bow Street Magistrate, ex p Pinochet (No 2), the House of Lords set aside its own earlier decision because:

1. AThe judges had made a legal mistake
2. BThe case had been heard in private
3. CPinochet had not been given a lawyer of his own choice at the hearing
4. DOne judge had links to a charity that was a party to the case

After 2001, the UK detained foreign terrorism suspects indefinitely without trial. In A v Home Secretary (the Belmarsh case), the House of Lords:

1. AOrdered the immediate release of all detainees
2. BMade a declaration of incompatibility, finding the measure disproportionate and discriminatory
3. CHeld that national security questions were for the executive alone and could not be reviewed by courts
4. DUpheld the detention as a valid response to an emergency

D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:

1. AIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
2. BIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts
3. CMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities
4. DIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds

In the Dutch "Melk-en-water" judgment (Hoge Raad, 1916), the court recognised:

1. AForce majeure as a written justification
2. BThe legality principle as part of the Constitution
3. CConditional intent as a form of intention
4. DAbsence of all blame (AVAS) as an unwritten excuse

In Lawrie-Blum (1986), the Court defined a "worker" under Article 45 TFEU as a person who:

1. AIs registered with a national trade union
2. BEarns at least the national minimum wage for a year
3. CPerforms services for and under the direction of another in return for remuneration
4. DHolds a permanent full-time contract of employment registered with the authorities of the host member state

In Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (2013), the Court interpreted "regulatory act" in Article 263(4) TFEU to mean:

1. AAny act adopted by the Commission or the Council
2. BAn act addressed to a specific individual
3. CAny regulation, whether legislative or not
4. DAn act of general application other than a legislative act