Introduction to Law: cram pack

A decorator finishes the work but with minor defects that are cheap to fix. Under Hoenig v Isaacs, the decorator is entitled to:

1. AThe full price with no deduction
2. BNothing, because performance was not exact
3. COnly payment for the materials used
4. DThe price less the cost of putting the defects right

A chartered ship is returned late, and the owner loses a very profitable follow-on charter. In The Achilleas, the House of Lords held the charterer was liable:

1. AOnly for the market rate difference during the overrun period
2. BFor punitive damages, because the delay was deliberate
3. CFor no loss, because late return is not a breach
4. DFor the whole profit lost on the follow-on charter, as it was foreseeable

Under Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board, a doctor must inform a patient about:

1. AOnly the risks other doctors would usually mention
2. BNothing, unless the patient asks
3. CMaterial risks of treatment and reasonable alternatives
4. DEvery possible risk, however remote

A worker gets dermatitis from brick dust. The employer did not provide washing facilities, but science could not show that washing would have prevented it. In McGhee v National Coal Board:

1. AThe employer was liable for half the damages only
2. BThe employer was not liable, because the "but for" test could not be satisfied
3. CThe worker was barred by consenting to the risk
4. DThe employer was liable, because its breach materially increased the risk

Parliamentary sovereignty (as described by Dicey) means that:

1. ACourts can strike down any Act of Parliament that conflicts with common law rights
2. BParliament can make or unmake any law, and no body can override its Acts
3. CThe executive can override Parliament
4. DParliament must obey previous Parliaments

Soldiers shoot dead three suspected terrorists in Gibraltar. In McCann v UK, the European Court of Human Rights found a breach of Article 2 because:

1. AThe operation was not planned and controlled to minimise the use of lethal force
2. BThe soldiers acted out of personal hatred
3. CThe UK had not ratified the Convention for Gibraltar
4. DAny killing by state agents breaches Article 2

D supplies heroin to V, an adult, who freely and knowingly injects herself and dies. According to R v Kennedy (No 2), D is:

1. AGuilty of manslaughter, because V's choice is irrelevant
2. BGuilty of manslaughter, because supply always causes the death
3. CGuilty of unlawful act manslaughter, because supplying a class A drug is itself unlawful and dangerous
4. DNot guilty of manslaughter, because V's free and informed choice broke the chain of causation

In R v Malcherek and Steel (1981), doctors switched off life-support machines after diagnosing brain death. The court held:

1. AThe victims died of natural causes in law
2. BThe defendants were guilty only of attempted murder
3. CSwitching off did not break the chain; the original assailants caused the deaths
4. DThe doctors became the legal cause of death by deliberately switching off the machines

Francovich (1991) established that:

1. AIndividuals can enforce unimplemented directives directly against private employers
2. BThe Commission can annul national laws
3. CMember states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
4. DDirectives have horizontal direct effect

EU citizenship case law (Zambrano) established that a third-country national parent of a child who is an EU citizen may have a right of residence when:

1. AThe parent has lived lawfully in the child's member state for at least five years before applying for residence
2. BRefusal would deprive the child of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of EU citizenship rights
3. CThe child is older than 18
4. DThe parent pays a residence fee