Introduction to Law: cram pack

A misrepresentation is:

1. AAn opinion that turns out to be wrong
2. BA promise about future behaviour that is not kept, even if honestly made
3. CA false statement of fact that induces someone to enter a contract
4. DSilence about any fact at all

Liquidated damages clauses are enforceable in English law when:

1. AThey protect a legitimate interest and are not out of all proportion to it
2. BOnly the party in breach benefits from them
3. CThey are agreed orally only
4. DThey are set as high as possible, so that they deter either party from breaching

Workmen leave an open manhole with paraffin lamps. A boy knocks a lamp in, causing an unexpected explosion and burns. In Hughes v Lord Advocate, the defendants were:

1. ANot liable, because the explosion was unforeseeable
2. BLiable only for half of the damage
3. CNot liable, because the boy was a trespasser
4. DLiable, because burns were a foreseeable type of harm

In occupiers' liability, the duty owed to trespassers in English law is:

1. AExactly the same as to lawful visitors, under the common duty of care in the 1957 Act
2. BHigher than to lawful visitors
3. CLower than to visitors, arising only in specific circumstances under the 1984 Act
4. DNon-existent in all circumstances

Under Article 94 of the Dutch Constitution, Dutch courts:

1. ADo not apply statutes that conflict with treaty provisions binding on everyone
2. BMust refer all treaty questions to the Council of State
3. CCan strike down statutes that conflict with the Constitution or with general principles
4. DApply statutes even if they conflict with treaties

Since the 2008 constitutional reform in France, the "question prioritaire de constitutionnalité" allows:

1. AJudges in any court to strike down statutes themselves
2. BAny citizen to challenge a bill before Parliament votes on it, by petition to the Conseil constitutionnel
3. CThe President to suspend a statute for one year
4. DA party in court to ask for a statute in force to be reviewed for breach of constitutional rights

D takes a college exam paper, reads it and returns it, planning to cheat. Following Oxford v Moss, D did not steal because:

1. AConfidential information is not property under the Theft Act
2. BExam papers have no economic value
3. CD was a student at the college
4. DThe paper itself was returned, so there was no intention to deprive

In "Thabo Meli v R", the defendants beat the victim, believed him dead and threw him off a cliff, where he died of exposure. The court held:

1. AThe defendants were guilty only of attempted murder
2. BThere was no murder because the mens rea existed only before the act that actually caused death
3. CThe series of acts formed one transaction, so actus reus and mens rea coincided
4. DThe victim's death was not caused by the defendants

Van Gend en Loos (1963) established that:

1. AMember states can leave the EU at will
2. BTreaty provisions can have direct effect and create rights for individuals in national courts
3. CDirectives have horizontal direct effect
4. DTreaty provisions bind only the member states and never create rights for individuals before national courts

In Grzelczyk (2001), a French student in Belgium was refused a minimum subsistence allowance. The Court held:

1. AUnion citizenship is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals, so he could not be refused it on grounds of nationality
2. BOnly workers may claim social benefits in a host state
3. CThe allowance was outside EU law entirely
4. DStudents have no rights under EU law in a host state