Introduction to Law: cram pack

An acceptance is sent by telex and arrives in the offeror's office during working hours. Under Entores v Miles Far East, acceptance takes effect:

1. AWhen it is received by the offeror
2. BWhen it is sent by the offeree
3. CWhen the offeror reads it a week later
4. DWhen it is confirmed by post

Asked to "telegraph lowest cash price" for a property, the owner replies "Lowest price £900". The enquirer then telegraphs that he accepts. In Harvey v Facey:

1. AThere was a contract at a reasonable price
2. BThere was a contract at £900
3. CThere was no contract, because stating a lowest price was not an offer
4. DThe reply was a counter-offer, which the enquirer's telegram then accepted

A worker inhales silica dust from two sources, only one of which was due to the employer's breach. In Bonnington Castings v Wardlaw, the employer was liable because the guilty dust:

1. AWas the only cause of the disease
2. BWas more than half of the total dust
3. CMaterially contributed to the disease
4. DWas easier to prevent than the other dust

A bank requires job applicants to have medical examinations by a self-employed doctor, who abuses some of them. In Barclays Bank v Various Claimants (2020), the Supreme Court held the bank:

1. AVicariously liable, because it chose the doctor
2. BStrictly liable for any harm to applicants
3. CNot vicariously liable, as the doctor was an independent contractor running his own business
4. DVicariously liable, as the relationship was akin to employment and the bank benefited from his work

In R (Jackson) v Attorney General, the House of Lords held that:

1. AThe Hunting Act was incompatible with Convention rights
2. BThe House of Lords could veto any bill permanently
3. CThe Parliament Act 1949 and the Hunting Act 2004 passed under it were valid
4. DActs passed under the Parliament Acts were merely invalid delegated legislation

In R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice (2014), concerning the ban on assisted suicide, the majority of the UK Supreme Court:

1. AHeld that Article 8 was not engaged at all
2. BRead the ban down under section 3 to allow assisted dying
3. CMade a declaration of incompatibility with Article 8, while leaving the ban itself in force for now
4. DDeclined to make a declaration of incompatibility at that time, leaving it to Parliament

D, who honestly but wrongly believes V is attacking a stranger, punches V. Following R v Williams (Gladstone), D:

1. AIs judged on the facts as D honestly believed them to be
2. BIs liable, because the mistaken belief was not based on reasonable grounds
3. CIs liable, because the mistake was about the facts
4. DMust prove the belief on the balance of probabilities

In R v Hinks (2000), the House of Lords held that:

1. AReceiving a valid gift can be an appropriation, so it can be theft if dishonest
2. BA valid gift can never be theft because full ownership passes to the recipient at once
3. CCivil law always decides criminal liability for theft
4. DOnly shop thefts involve appropriation

The Bosman judgment (1995) held that football transfer rules for out-of-contract players and nationality quotas:

1. AWere outside EU law because sport is not economic
2. BWere justified by the need for national teams
3. COnly breached competition law, not free movement
4. DBreached the free movement of workers

In Van Duyn v Home Office (1974), a Dutch Scientologist was refused entry to the UK. The Court held that:

1. AA directive provision could have direct effect, and present association with an organisation could count as personal conduct
2. BDirectives can never have direct effect
3. CReligious organisations are fully protected by free movement law
4. DThe UK could not rely on public policy, because membership of a lawful organisation is never personal conduct for that purpose