1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Rubin's vase, which can be seen as a vase or as two faces, illustrates:
- ASize constancy
- BFigure–ground organisation
- CThe law of closure
- DRetinal disparity
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
In Posner's cueing task, responses are faster after a valid cue and slower after an invalid cue, even when the eyes do not move. This shows that:
- AAttention can shift to a location without moving the eyes
- BCues have no real effect on how fast targets are processed
- CAttention always follows the direction of gaze
- DPeripheral vision cannot detect targets without eye movement
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
A 5-year-old says a boy who broke 15 cups by accident is naughtier than a boy who broke 1 cup while stealing jam. Piaget called this:
- AHeteronomous morality (moral realism)
- BPost-conventional moral reasoning
- CAutonomous morality (moral relativism)
- DFormal operational moral thought
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Harlow's monkeys raised in isolation with only surrogate mothers later showed which outcome?
- AAbnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
- BCompletely normal adult social behaviour
- CBetter problem solving than monkeys that had been reared by real mothers
- DStrong attachment to the wire mother as adults
5.Social psychologyMedium
The foot-in-the-door technique works by:
- AUsing fear to persuade
- BGetting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
- CMaking a large request first, which is refused, then a smaller one
- DOffering a discount after the request
6.Social psychologyHard
The just-world hypothesis can lead people to:
- ABlame victims for their misfortune
- BHelp victims more readily
- CBelieve that all outcomes are random
- DIgnore social norms completely
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
A person has distressing symptoms that started two weeks after a serious car crash and have lasted ten days. Which diagnosis is most appropriate?
- APost-traumatic stress disorder
- BAcute stress disorder
- CGeneralised anxiety disorder
- DAdjustment disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
The "scientist-practitioner" (Boulder) model in clinical psychology means that clinicians should:
- APrescribe medication as their main treatment, following psychiatric guidelines closely
- BAvoid research completely
- COnly conduct laboratory experiments
- DUse research evidence to guide practice and evaluate their own interventions
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · Figure–ground organisation
Why this is the answer
Perception separates a scene into a figure and a background. In ambiguous figures like Rubin's vase, the two interpretations alternate.
Answer
B · Figure–ground organisation
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: A · Attention can shift to a location without moving the eyes
Why this is the answer
Covert orienting moves attention to the cued location, speeding processing there and slowing it elsewhere, independently of where the eyes point.
Answer
A · Attention can shift to a location without moving the eyes
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Heteronomous morality (moral realism)
Why this is the answer
Heteronomous children see rules as fixed and judge actions by the amount of damage. Older, autonomous children take intentions into account.
Answer
A · Heteronomous morality (moral realism)
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Abnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
Why this is the answer
Monkeys reared without real mothers or peers often became socially withdrawn or aggressive and were poor mothers, suggesting a sensitive period for social contact.
Answer
A · Abnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · Getting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
Why this is the answer
Agreeing to a small request makes people more likely to agree to a later bigger one, possibly because of consistency with their self-image.
Answer
B · Getting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
6.Social psychology
Answer: A · Blame victims for their misfortune
Why this is the answer
Believing the world is fair can lead people to derogate or blame victims to maintain the belief that bad things happen only to those who deserve them.
Answer
A · Blame victims for their misfortune
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · Acute stress disorder
Why this is the answer
Acute stress disorder covers trauma symptoms lasting from three days to one month after the event. If symptoms persist beyond a month, PTSD may be diagnosed.
Answer
B · Acute stress disorder
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Use research evidence to guide practice and evaluate their own interventions
Why this is the answer
The Boulder model trains clinical psychologists to integrate scientific research and clinical practice, the basis of evidence-based practice.
Answer
D · Use research evidence to guide practice and evaluate their own interventions
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/introduction-to-psychology